Wikinvest Wire

Investing for (or in) retirement gets harder

Saturday, February 06, 2010

The newspapers are full of stories about how baby boomers who have squirreled money away are rethinking their investment approach, evidence coming from last year's net outflows from stock funds and the fascination that many retail investors now have with bonds.

With the combination of an increasingly "risk averse" baby boomer crowd that is rapidly approaching what they once thought was retirement age and after multiple collapsing asset bubbles seen over the past decade, you'd have to think that investing for retirement is now undergoing some fundamental changes - and these aren't the kind of changes that the folks on Wall Street will probably like.

A number of stories over the last few days have helped to make this point, starting with a USA Today report in which the lead interview subject makes it quite clear that he's had enough.

Near the stock market low last spring, with his losses nearing $200,000, Martin Blank, 67, a Florida retiree with four decades of investing experience, sold most of his stocks.

He liquidated 75% of his stock funds. He hasn't put that cash back in the market. And doesn't plan to.

That emotion-driven decision, made with his wife, Linda, nixed any chance of profiting from the 63% rally that began shortly after selling out in a state of anxiety.

But Blank has no regrets: "I have no desire to attempt to make back what I lost."
Forty years of investing and that's it - it's hard to blame Martin for his decision, but it's equally hard to understand how investing as we've come to know it since the mid-1980s can continue.

Recall that it was back in 1984 that 401ks were first introduced in the U.S. and ordinary folks were first given a modest amount of control over how their retirement money was invested. That morphed into near complete control years later and this all worked quite well up until the bull market in stocks ended in 2000.

The Christian Science Monitor looked at how prepared the baby boomer crowd is for retirement in this story and came away unconvinced that the "golden years" will be very pleasant for many.
The leading edge of the baby boomers – the postwar generation that led the way on everything from war protests to yuppiedom and two-income families – is about to experience another first: postcrash retirement.

With the first wave of boomers turning 64 this year, they have little time to make up their losses from the recent debacle of stocks and housing. Not since the late 1930s have workers on the cusp of retirement faced such a big one-two punch.

So how are they handling it? Not well. It's almost become a cliché to say most boomers haven't saved enough for retirement. Nearly a quarter of those who turn 50 this year say they haven't even started saving, according to a poll in January. Here's the surprising part: According to some experts, even those who have managed to stash away some savings must be careful not to invest the money too cautiously.

With life spans increasing – and many boomers dreaming of active retirements, among other factors – some advisers suggest that near-retirees keep a sizable holding in stocks. The old adage – subtracting one's age from 100 to get the proper stock allocation – just doesn't apply anymore, this camp believes.
I don't know about you, but this whole "double-down" thinking by investment advisors seems fraught with risk. Sure, doubling down last spring would have been a great idea, but there are probably a lot more investors like Martin Blank in that first story above than there are those who have the stomach to "buy when there's blood in the streets".

Even Jason Zweig in this piece from the weekend issue of the Wall Street Journal seems a little down on the whole idea of people navigating the years ahead using what has passed for conventional wisdom when it comes to investing.
For many investors, the market's turbulence hasn't just destroyed wealth. It has shattered their faith in the financial system itself.

Consider Philip Eberlin, 56 years old, who runs a woodwork-restoration business in Chicago Heights, Ill. Trading hot stocks a decade ago, Mr. Eberlin got burned on picks like Krispy Kreme and Tyco. In 2007 he got back into stocks, only to take another hit.

"Having been burned twice in 10 years," says Mr. Eberlin, he now has about 80% of his family's assets "protected from the market" in certificates of deposit and fixed annuities. "I don't have trust in Wall Street to help the small investor in any way, shape or form."

Mr. Eberlin isn't alone. Late last year, Decision Research of Eugene, Ore., asked Americans how much they trusted bankers and other Wall Street leaders "to reduce the risk of the financial challenges the country is facing now." On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 meaning no trust at all, the rating averaged a paltry 1.7.
Where do you go from here?

On the one hand, it's great that people have the amount of control that they have over their own retirement planning but, on the other hand, retirement dreams are now fading fast for millions of Americans and we've probably got at least a few more years before this secular bull market in stocks is over.

If only more people had sold their stocks ten years ago and bought gold, there would be far more happy retirement stories today.

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Duck Tales inflation lesson

Friday, February 05, 2010

Even though this is a cartoon, it provides a pretty good explanation of what goes on in a pure fiat money system where trust is placed in the central bank and the government to not abuse the power that they and only they have to create money.


Spotted over at The Daily Bail where there seems to be an inexhaustible supply of interesting things to watch on YouTube.

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Rosenberg on commodities and the dollar

David Rosenberg of Gluskin Sheff offered the following warning today about the future course of the trade-weighted U.S. dollar and its historical relationship with commodity prices.

We are still long-term fans of the commodity complex and precious metals but again, the charts are indicative of a further correction in coming weeks and months so keep your powder dry and be ready to add to long-term positions in the areas of the investment arena that are in secular bull markets.

The U.S. dollar has broken out on the upside, and while this is more a reflection of the problems overseas than anything overly encouraging state-side, the charts again are telling a story of a flight-to-safety not unlike what we experienced in late 2008 and early 2009. It is a countertrend rally in the greenback but this could last a while longer — the DXY tested the 90 threshold in the last such up-move nearly a year ago, which would imply another 10% rise from current levels (ie, this countertrend rally may only be 40% of the way done).

Again, countertrend rallies in the U.S. dollar are not generally associated with upward movement in the commodity complex, so expect to see further near-term declines in the resource space. Although the chart of gold against the euro and many other currencies still looks quite constructive.
That's not going to make any commodity bulls or gold bugs very happy, except of course, those living in Europe or anywhere else outside of the U.S. where they don't really see the price declines in dollar terms. Shouldn't we be hearing about Indian jewelry buyers stepping in to make gold purchases right about now?

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Revisions to nonfarm payrolls

Here's what you get when you take the last four years of nonfarm payrolls data as it existed last month at the Labor Department and compare it to the data as it exists in the news release today, after the annual benchmark revisions and updates to seasonal adjustment factors.
IMAGE Since January of 2005, payrolls have been revised lower by another 961,000 after further declines of 545,000 in 2008 and 617,000 in 2009, the bulk of which were adjustments to the birth-death model spanning the 12 months ending in April of 2009.

During 2005 and 2006, the data was revised upward by a total of 153,000 due exclusively to changes in the way that seasonal adjustments are made.

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The government's "$6.3 trillion scam"

Jonathan Weil must have had little wisps of steam coming out of his ears as he read the email response to his queries from the White House Office of Management and Budget and affixed a title to yesterday's commentary at Bloomberg.

Obama’s $6.3 Trillion Scam Is America’s Shame
Look through President Barack Obama’s proposed 2011 budget, and you’ll see a line calling for a $235 million increase in the Justice Department’s funding to fight financial fraud. Lucky for them, the people who wrote the budget can’t be prosecuted for cooking the government’s books.

Whether on Wall Street or in Washington, the biggest frauds often are the perfectly legal ones hidden in broad daylight. And in terms of dollars, it would be hard to top the accounting scam that Obama’s budget wonks are trying to pull off now.

The ploy here is simple. They are keeping Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac off the government’s balance sheet and out of the federal budget, along with their $1.6 trillion of corporate debt and $4.7 trillion of mortgage obligations.

Never mind that the White House budget director, Peter Orszag, in September 2008 said Fannie and Freddie should be included.
It quickly progresses to calling the U.S. housing market a giant Ponzi scheme that sucks in America's newlyweds via the homebuyer tax credit and ends with a lame excuse from the OMB about why they won't include Fannie and Freddie in the government's official budget - it would be "too disruptive to change how they are accounted for".

Maybe the world should stop looking at Greece and start looking at the U.S.

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Jobless rate falls to 9.7%, payrolls down 20K

The Labor Department reported that the jobless rate fell from 10.0 percent in December to 9.7 percent in January and nonfarm payrolls declined by 20,000. Benchmark revisions to prior data and updated seasonal adjustment factors resulted in an additional decline of 1.2 million in payrolls, bringing the total job loss from the start of the recession to 8.4 million.
IMAGE In a bit of hopeful news, the originally reported November job gain of 4,000 - the first net increase since December of 2007 - was revised substantially higher to 64,000.

Other recent month revisions saw the October total of -127,000 revised to -224,000 and the December figure of -85,000 lowered to -150,000 for net revisions of -102,000 over the last three months.

The decline in the jobless rate was due to an increase of 541,000 workers in January as the number of people in the labor force rose by just 111,000 bringing the participation rate up from 64.6 in December to 64.7 last month.

The number of workers settling for part-time work because they can't find full-time work fell by almost 1 million, lowering the broad U6 under-employment measure from 17.3 percent to 16.5 percent.

As for nonfarm payrolls, the manufacturing sector added 11,000 jobs last month, the first gain in three years, while retailers added 42,100 jobs and temporary help increased by 52,000. The government's 2010 Census program has started the process of hiring over one million workers this spring, however, due to cutbacks at the state and local level, overall government employment fell by 8,000.
IMAGE Construction employment fell by 75,000, a full 60,000 of this total coming from the commercial building sector, while financial firms reported 16,000 fewer workers and the leisure and hospitality sector shed 14,000 jobs.

There will be more to come on the benchmark revisions shortly.

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Friday morning links

TOP STORIES
Jobless rate drops to 9.7%, payrolls fall by 20,000 - AP
Ex-Bank of America chief Lewis charged with fraud - CNN/Money
House sends $1.9 trillion debt-limit increase to Obama - MarketWatch
Trichet Struggles to Convince Investors of Euro-Area Solidity - Bloomberg
Congressional Democrats are nay-saying Obama's budget -LA Times
Obama’s $6.3 Trillion Scam Is America’s Shame - Weil, Bloomberg
The budget and the deficit: An opportunity wasted - Economist
S&P strips Berkshire Hathaway of AAA rating - Reuters

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MARKETS/INVESTING
Oil slips below $73 on "toxic mix" of risk aversion - Reuters
Why there is golden silence on IMF gold sale - Commodity Online
Stocks Sink To Lowest In 3 Months: Here's Why - HuffPost
Gold tumbles, disappointing investors who sought hedge - LA Times
The oil industry: Beyond the black stuff - Economist
Cheer Up Traders, At Least Churn is Profitable - WSJ
What’s next for the Dollar? - Axel Merk

ECONOMY
Recession Job Loss Numbers Around Eight Million - HuffPost
White House Unveils Plan to Double U.S. Exports - Washington Post
Where rent is cheap and jobs (sort of) plentiful - CNN/Money
House votes to revive pay-as-you-go budget rules - Washington Post
What the Timber Market Is Telling Us - Minyanville

INTERNATIONAL
Fears of 'Lehman-style' tsunami as crisis hits Spain and Portugal - Telegraph
China's 2009 current-account surplus falls 35% - MarketWatch
Argentina's reserves and its debts: Central Bank robbery - Economist
Never short a country with $2 trillion in reserves? - China Financial Markets
Greece's sovereign-debt crunch: A very European crisis - Economist
China’s 2009 State Land Sales Cover 40% of Stimulus Plan’s Cost - Bloomberg
China to set anti-dumping measures on U.S. chicken - MarketWatch

REAL ESTATE
GMAC Reports Record Loss on Home Mortgage Defaults - Bloomberg
Mortgage rates move little over week: Freddie Mac - MarketWatch
Chase Denied Loan Mods for Now Forbidden Reason - ProPublica
Fannie, Freddie Hold Plenty Off the Books - TheStreet.com

FED/TREASURY/BANKING
Fed might buy more mortgage-backed securities - Washington Post
Taleb Says ‘Every Human’ Should Short U.S. Treasuries - BusinessWeek
Is Ken Lewis About To Drag Down Bernanke And Paulson With Him? - Zero Hedge
Fed bought $12 bln net in agency MBS in latest week - Reuters

INTERESTING
5 most expensive pieces of art - CNN/Money
Obese People Lose Weight at High Altitudes - LiveScience
2-inch toy gun in school means trouble for NYC boy - AP
U.S. Corners Global Centenarian Market - Infectious Greed

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Bank failures during the Great Depression

Thursday, February 04, 2010

A few important details about the banking system during the Great Depression are revealed in Murry Rothbard's The Great Depression and depicted in the graphic below. Recall that this topic was discussed here in some detail a couple weeks ago, today's entry being one of the many tidbits that seemed worthy of a separate post with more to come in the weeks ahead.

During the early years of the Great Depression, not only were bank failures just two or three times the rate of failure in the 1920s - far less than what is commonly believed - but they didn't reach a crescendo until after Roosevelt took office in 1933, more than four years after the depression began.
IMAGE According to Rothbard, bank failures averaged about 700 per year throughout the 1920s. Since the "Roaring Twenties" weren't all that good for farmers, the primary customers for lenders at the time, about three percent of banks failed every year, this total doubling in 1930 during the first full year of the Great Depression.

But, interestingly, bank failures didn't peak until three years later and not for the reasons that you might think. It was the uncertainty about the devaluation of the dollar - as Hoover was on his way out and Roosevelt was on this way in - that caused a series of panics and "hoarding" of gold, all of which resulted in FDR ordering the confiscation of gold in April of 1933 as about 4,000 banks were getting ready to fail during his first year in office despite the many "bank holidays".

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The word from Berlin

Today's commentary appearing in Spiegel Online about the ongoing mess in Greece contains a disturbing analogy about debt - Lehman Brothers in 2008 and Greece in 2010:

(The situation is reminiscent of) Lehman Brothers, that seemingly unimportant New York investment bank whose September 2008 bankruptcy led the world into a crisis that is still affecting us. First came Lehman and the banking crisis, now it's Greece and its national crisis. History is repeating itself.

Similarities can be seen in how the crises emerged -- but perhaps not in terms of how they are dealt with. EU governments still have the opportunity to respond, and they may come up with a better reaction than President George W. Bush and his aides, who thought they could isolate and punish Lehman, and by doing so set the financial system in flames. Attempting the same approach at the country level would be tantamount to Russian Roulette. If Greece falls (and it already has daily problems borrowing money in the financial markets), then Spain, Portugal, Ireland will probably fall too.

Therefore it must be helped with all the fiscal brutality within the realms of legal possibility. The European Commission has taken the first step to put the country under its control, and virtually deprive it of its sovereignty. This is the worst imaginable punishment for a nation, but it is also a consequence of being a member of the European community. It is only in times of crisis that you see what a system is capable of. And the euro system has many possibilities -- even if they hurt.
The European Union is certainly being put to the test and it is not at all clear if or when this will all be resolved. Meanwhile, the euro is being pummeled - now down to $1.37 - and everything that moves opposite the trade-weighted U.S. dollar is sinking fast.

But, there is some good news here - the U.K. never adopted the common currency.

Had the British hopped on the euro bandwagon back in the 1990s, all hell would be breaking loose right about now as European Union officials would, presumably, be telling the Brits to get their financial house in order by slashing government payrolls and benefits much as they are now instructing the government of Greece.

From The Economist comes this data that makes the problems in Greece look rather tame in comparison to one much larger Anglo-Saxon country to the northwest.
IMAGE Of course, Greece's trade deficit only compounds their troubles and lying to the EU about their finances probably didn't help the situation either, but, in many respects there are much bigger budget deficit problems around the world.

In absolute terms, there's no comparison. The Greek government is talking about making cuts of $10 billion or more - that's about two-days worth of borrowing to fund the U.S. budget deficit that was just announced earlier in the week.

Fortunately for the U.S. and the U.K., there's no one telling them what they can and can't do.

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Dow 200 point up/down days

You never know what's going to happen in the next two hours but, right now, it appears as though the Dow Jones Industrial Average will have its first 200 point down day of the month on the fourth trading day of the month, setting the stage for what could be an interesting few weeks ahead, especially if the trade weighted U.S. dollar continues its ascent.
IMAGE As compared to 2008 and early-2009, equity markets have been relatively calm over the last nine months but, somehow, that doesn't look like it's going to last. After net outflows from stock mutual funds last year by Mom and Pop investors, the early part of 2010 has seen that trend reverse a bit, however, with heightened volatility, don't be surprised if that flow of new money is short lived.

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From Greece to Portugal to Spain

By the looks of things in Europe, those who predicted that 2010 would be the year of sovereign defaults may be proved correct sooner rather than later as the bond market seeks to punish nations for their past profligacy (and, in the case of Greece, for lying) and European Union officials take steps to prevent the group from fracturing.

Ambrose Evans-Pritchard files this report on the latest developments:

The European Commission has ordered Greece to slash public spending and spell out details of its austerity plan within "one month", invoking sweeping new EU Treaty powers to impose a radical shake-up of the Greek economy.

Greece's labour federation immediately called a general strike for February 24, dashing hopes that Europe's provisional backing for Greek crisis policies would restore investor confidence.

Joaquin Almunia, the EU economics commissioner, said tough measures were "extremely urgent" to prevent a further flight from Greek debt.
...
Mr Almunia said concerns have spread beyond Greece to other eurozone countries where public finances are spinning out of control, chiefly Spain and Portugal. "In these countries we have seen a constant loss of competitiveness ever since they joined the eurozone. The external financing needs are quite big," he said.

Yields on 10-year Portuguese bonds jumped 21 basis points yesterday as funds switched their fire to the next "domino", questioning whether the government of Jose Socrates can deliver spending cuts without a parliamentary majority. "The lightning rod has been passed to Portugal: who is next – Spain?" asked Marc Chandler, from Brown Brothers Harriman.
Apparently, the European Union has broad powers to meddle in member country's pensions, healthcare, and labor markets, powers that governments no doubt thought would never be used. Somehow, the situation looks as though it's going to get worse (maybe a lot worse) before it gets bettter.

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Filling some limit orders today?

It is on days like this - when limit orders you placed a while back (that looked ridiculous at the time) all of a sudden look as though they might get filled - that you remember how important the battle between fear and greed really is in the minds of investors.
IMAGE For example, with the near-vertical drop in the price of gold in recent minutes, what might have seemed like a bargain price a month or two ago now all of a sudden looks like it might be just a way point to triple-digit prices.

Troubles in southern Europe and the resultant stronger U.S. dollar are certainly making for an interesting day so far in financial markets - it looks like the Dow Jones Industrial Average wants to make it a 200-point down day today.

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Daniel Gross on Davos

Daniel Gross of Slate/Newsweek looks at the underbelly of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland last week (spotted over at Wall Street Cheat Sheet).


There were apparently quite a few prominent bears at the gathering including Joseph Stiglitz, Nouriel Roubini, and one camera-shy fellow in full costume.

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Thursday morning links

TOP STORIES
824,000 Jobs Will Disappear on February 5th - Bloomberg
Toyota Says Prius Brakes Had Design Problems - NY Times
Greece’s Biggest Union Votes to Strike, Threatens Deficit Cuts - Bloomberg
Economic crisis looms for Japan amid financial and manufacturing woes - Washington Post
BOE pauses printing-money policy as economy emerges from recession - Telegraph
Health-care sector grew as economy contracted in 2009 -Washington Post
Biggest Bubble in History Is Growing Every Day - Pesek, Bloomberg
Deficit hawks: What Obama got right - and wrong - CNN/Money

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MARKETS/INVESTING
Oil falls to near $76 amid sluggish US demand - AP
Gold slips as dollar hits 7-month high vs euro - Reuters
Portugal, Spain Lead Worldwide Decline in Stocks; Dollar Gains - Bloomberg
Why southern Europe's debt crisis is a buying opportunity for gold lovers - Telegraph
Why gold surges during dollar bear market - Commodity Online
The China bubble, gold and the markets - Mineweb

ECONOMY
Unemployment claims rise; productivity jumps - AP
On Monetary Inflation and M3 - Jesse's Cafe Americain
Leading Economics Bloggers Share Bleak Outlook - Kauffman Foundation
Rep. Paul Ryan: 'Rationing happens today!' - Klein, Washington Post
Service Sector Growing, but Expansion Remains Anemic - WSJ

INTERNATIONAL
Bank of England halts bond purchases - MarketWatch
Eurozone interest rates stay at 1%, growth struggles - BBC
Obama Vows to Get Tough with China on Currency - CNBC
The BoE on how doing nothing will boost the economy - Telegraph
Shanghai Bad-Loan Ratio Would Triple With 10% Home Price Drop - Bloomberg
Greece under EU protectorate as funds shift fire to Portugal - Telegraph
U.K. house price rise continues but growth slows - Times Online
China hits back at US over trade and currency - BBC
IMF Stands Ready to Help Greece - WSJ

REAL ESTATE
Housing Red Flags Ignored - Fox Business News
More Arguments Favor Walking Away from a Mortgage - WSJ
Why Real Estate Defaults Will Explode This Year - Krasting, Seeking Alpha
Don't Trust Pending Home Sales Data - Lounsbury, Seeking Alpha
Mortgage Delinquencies Pass 10%: LPS - Housing Wire

FED/TREASURY/BANKING
Chris Sims on Policy at the Zero Lower Bound - Economist's View
Bernanke starts new term, acknowledges critics' points - Washington Post
Has the New York Fed been serving the public trust? Has Geithner? - TBP
AIG Bonuses: Geithner Says Bank Fee Could Recover 'Outrageous' Payments - HuffPost

INTERESTING
NY driver used mannequin in car pool lane - AP
Apple iPad Proves Most Hilarious Gadget of the Century - BNet
45-foot Ancient Snake Devoured Crocs - LiveScience
Artists Creating Detroit Ice House - ZillowBlog

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It's official: Four more years for Ben Bernanke

Wednesday, February 03, 2010

Ben Shalom Bernanke, Time Magazine's "Person of the Year", was sworn in for another four-year term as Chairman of the Federal Reserve a short time ago in a subdued affair that had none of the pomp and circumstance of four years ago.

Instead of a crowd that included President Bush, one cabinet member, two former Federal Reserve chairmen, and members of Congress, today's ceremony was a staff-only gathering where the only one in attendance not on the Fed payroll was Bernanke's wife Anna and the event barely made the news.

Of course, the lack of fanfare likely has something to do with the fact that the central bank chief remains quite unpopular in the public's eye, many likening his role in the financial crisis to that of Captain Smith of the Titanic who failed to see the iceberg ahead but was largely successful in getting as many passengers into lifeboats as possible.

The critical distinction between Smith and Bernanke was that the 2008-2009 financial lifeboats had a disproportionate number of Wall Street bankers and the Captain did not go down with the ship.

Fed Vice Chairman Donald Kohn administered the oath today in the atrium of the Federal Reserve building in Washington D.C. after which Bernanke delivered another speech in which he stressed the need for both independence and openness for the central bank - a mixture that some see as opposing goals.

The Federal Reserve has been granted, both in law and in political tradition, considerable independence and autonomy. That independence serves important public objectives. Critically, it allows the Federal Open Market Committee to make monetary policy in the longer-term economic interests of the American people, rather than in the service of short-term political imperatives. It also allows the Federal Reserve to make supervisory decisions based on the facts of each case and the need to preserve financial stability, not on the basis of political considerations. In the interest of maintaining public confidence and promoting economic and financial stability, we must continue to protect our independence.

At the same time, in a democratic society like our own, institutional independence brings with it fundamental obligations of transparency, responsiveness, and accountability. The Federal Reserve is already one of the most transparent and accountable central banks in the world, providing voluminous information and explanation concerning all of its activities. However, I believe that we should be prepared to do even more, to become even more transparent. It is essential that the public have the information it needs to understand and be assured of the integrity of all our operations, including all aspects of our balance sheet and our financial controls. We will continue to work with the Congress to ensure maximum transparency of America's central bank, without compromising our ability to conduct policy in the public interest.
If they're so transparent why are they getting sued all the time and, as for independence, surely, in this case, it is overrated - it's hard to imagine how, over the last 20 years, we'd be any worse off today if Congress was running the central bank.

How could they have done any worse than the combination of former Fed chairman Alan Greenspan and his protege Ben Bernanke?

Thanks to cheap imports and the neutering of the consumer price index over the years, inflation would never have been a major problem no matter who was setting interest rates and, after years of tough love from Volcker in the 1980s, the nation was primed to create jobs.

Now, about all we can hope for is another asset bubble to come along and make us all feel rich again for a few years before the inevitable bust.

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Notices of default at an all-time high in Bend

Well ... might as well make it four-in-a-row this morning for housing stories as Andrew Moore at the local Bend Bulletin is reporting that conditions have deteriorated rapidly over the last month, notices of default soaring to a new all-time high (hat tip LW).

There were 402 notices of default recorded in Deschutes County last month, the most since the housing crisis began three years ago, according to the Deschutes County Clerks Office.
IMAGE The number increased by nearly 26 percent from the 320 default notices recorded in December 2009, and more than 95 percent from the 206 notices recorded in January 2009.

The increase was a surprise, at least compared with data from the prior quarter that showed the filing rate was declining.
This is another case of the "pig in the python" as many of the foreclosure actions that were deferred last year due to hope of mortgage mods or a rebounding economy are now working their way through the system. Unsubscribing from an email list a few days ago from a local realtor was probably a good idea - their last correspondence said:
2009 Housing Numbers Hint At A Bottom!
Now Might Be The Time To Buy!
Yikes! Talk about bad timing and how you can quickly lose any credibility you once had!

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We are an optimistic bunch

It seems only fitting to close out this morning's troika of housing stories with a graphic depiction of the poll that was referenced earlier. From CBS News comes this report of the nearly undaunted optimism about the future of the nation's housing market.

Most Americans expect their local housing market to remain the same or improve over the next year, a newly-released CBS News poll finds. The results point to widespread consensus that the worst days of the housing crisis have passed.
IMAGE A mere fifteen percent, meanwhile, say their local market will get worse over the next year. That's an 11 point drop from the 26 percent that expected their local market to worsen in December of 2008.
When you think about it, it's probably better this way - as a nation, we might be a complete basket case if homeowners were able to look objectively at the troubles currently being faced by the market for, what was at one time at least, their most important financial asset.

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Without precedent in the modern era

The option of strategic default - underwater homeowners who can continue to make their mortgage payment but who choose to walk away instead - continues to be a hot topic of discussion and, now that it looks like the home price "rebound" may be short lived, look for that trend to accelerate ... then look for articles like this to be blamed for fueling the fire.

Joe Figliola has heard that message. He bought his house in Elgin, Ill., in 2004, then refinanced twice to get better terms. He pulled out a little money both times to cover the closing costs and other expenses. Now his place is underwater while his salary as circulation manager for the local newspaper has been cut.

"It doesn’t seem right that I can rent a place somewhere for half of what I’m paying," he said. "I told my bank, 'Just take a little bite out of what I owe. That would ease me up. Isn’t that why the president gave you all this money?' "

Bank of America did not agree, so Mr. Figliola, who is 48, sees no recourse other than walking away. "I don’t believe this is the right thing to do,” he said, “but I’ve got to survive."
What's probably most disconcerting about this particular story is the expressed view of the government where, first, assistant Treasury secretary for financial stability Herbert M. Allison concedes that they have no idea how to deal with this problem and, then, assistant Treasury secretary Michael Barr notes dismissively, "The overwhelming bulk of people who have negative equity stay in their homes and keep paying."

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A housing market report card

CBS News looks at the current condition of the nation's housing market as more and more "homeowners" contemplate just throwing in the towel and walking away as discussed in this New York Times piece by David Streitfeld.


With waves of foreclosures now coming in and with the U.S. government now running nearly the entire mortgage market while failing miserably at modifying mortgages (how long do you really think that the couple at the end of the video will stay in their $700,000 loan?), it is just stunning to see that so many people think that conditions will not get worse.

The most recent evidence of this rosy view of the local real estate market comes via the 84 percent of respondents in this poll who indicated their housing market would stay the same or get better over the next year.

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Wednesday morning links

TOP STORIES
Dour forecast underpins Obama's budget plan - Washington Post
U.S. headed for another bubble: TARP watchdog - Globe and Mail
Pimco Says California Yields May Revisit 2009 Peak on Deficits - Bloomberg
Lies We Are Told: Interest is Consumption, Saving is “a Negative Act” - Dollar Collapse
Obama’s Pyramid Schemes Would Make Keynes Happy - Baum, Bloomberg
Toyota U.S. sales reel from crisis; GM, Ford surge - Reuters
Dodd Calls Obama Plan Too Grand - NY Times
Senators cool to 'Volcker rule' - CNN/Money

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MARKETS/INVESTING
Oil futures edge lower after ADP data - MarketWatch
Gold prices continue to climb as dollar retreats - Reuters
Main Street investors change their strategies - USA Today
El-Erian Says Retreat in Stocks Will Worsen as Economy Slumps - Bloomberg
Market dive means it's retirement crunchtime for boomers - CSM
Soros warns of gold bubble again - Commodity Online

ECONOMY
U.S. Companies Cut Estimated 22,000 Jobs - Bloomberg
More consumers pay credit card before mortgage: study - Reuters
Planned layoffs rise for first time since July: Challenger Gray - MarketWatch
Nearly 1 in 10 in L.A. County turned to food banks for help in 2009, study finds - LA Times
The Fog of Economic Crisis - Part I: Will the real Real Economy please stand up - iTulip
Pending home sales edge up, vacancies rise - Reuters

INTERNATIONAL
EU Backs Greek Deficit Plan; Papandreou Offers Cuts - Bloomberg
Chinese mortgage rates rise as loan clampdown bites - Reuters
UK services growth slows sharply in January, hit by snow and VAT rise - Telegraph
Australia’s Stevens Waits for World’s Central Banks - Bloomberg
North Korea's economic moves bring new misery - LA Times
NIESR warns on joblessness and falling house prices - Telegraph
E.U. backs Greek budget efforts, vows close monitoring - MarketWatch
BOE Rate Policy May Err Under Conservatives’ Plan, Gieve Says - Bloomberg
Recession sees rise of the £15m chief executive - Guardian

REAL ESTATE
You lost your house - but you still have to pay - CNN/Money
Mortgage demand at six-week highs on refinance wave - Reuters
No Help in Sight, More Homeowners Walk Away - NY Times
Poll: Most Say Worst Over for Housing Market - CBS News

FED/TREASURY/BANKING
Surface geniality belies ‘Volcker rule’ frustration - FT
Memo To Obama: Banks Are Beautiful - Newgeography
Treasury Dealers Say Direct Bids Risk Upending Auction Process - Bloomberg
Struggling banks need government help, trade group says - Washington Post

INTERESTING
A love story turned mystery - LA Times
Doctor casts new light on cat that can predict death - Reuters
Some Primates Share, Others (Hint, Hint) Are Stingy - LiveScience
New Zealand virgin auctions herself for tuition - AP

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Gruel in Great Depression Land

Tuesday, February 02, 2010

Austan Goolsbee, chief economist of President Obama's Economic Recovery Advisory Board showed up on the Daily Show yesterday to talk about the 2011 budget and gruel.

The Daily Show With Jon StewartMon - Thurs 11p / 10c
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Of course, Jon Stewart has the best line: "We had to spend, like, $700 billion, $800 billion dollars, to not go into a depression - and that's what saved us from the cataclysm. If that's the thing that pulled us out, why stop the spending if we're not really out, because the only people who are out, so far, are the people who got us in, which are the banks".

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Americans drink more, pay less

Yet one more sign of the recessionary times comes via this report on how Americans have increased their consumption of alcohol while spending less money.

While the value of all spirits sold was essentially flat at $18.7 billion in 2009, volume increased about 1.4% as consumers drank "value" brands of bourbon, vodka and tequila - largely at the expense of so-called high-end and super-premium marques, according to the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS). That move also helped the category gain market share against beverage alcohol rivals like wine and beer. Spirits market share by volume tipped to 30.2% last year, up from 29.7% in 2008 and 27.4% about 10 years ago.
...
While growth was down from the past few years, Peter Cressy, chief executive of DISCUS said that was due largely to "trading down" by consumers and the figures show that the industry remains fairly resilient in times of economic duress.

All of the growth came from the "off-premise" sector, i.e. beverages that are consumed at home or at private parties, which makes up 75% of the industry total. But much of that was offset by lower sales in restaurants, bars, hotels and nightclubs, which saw an aggregate 3% volume decline.
Beer distributors and package stores have been virtually recession-proof for as long as I can remember and that goes back to the days of being a teenager in the 1970s, hearing about car dealers and home builders who were dying while the beer distributor was hiring. Moreover, the shift in brands and drinking at home instead of at restaurants and bars all makes good sense for a nation with less disposable income.

For some time, one restaurant chain has been offering half-price bottles of wine on Wednesdays which, when you think about it, is a pretty good deal. You can buy a bottle for less than what it would cost you in a grocery store and it makes you wonder how California wineries are possibly going to survive in the years ahead if the labor market doesn't pick up.

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What investment advisers won't tell you

In his weekly commentary, John Hussman explains something that few investment advisers seem to understand and even fewer would share if they did - that much of what passes as conventional wisdom in valuing stocks is nonsense.

Over the years, I have frequently emphasized that stocks are not a claim on "forward operating earnings." They are not even a claim on reported net earnings (and should not be valued as a blind multiple to a single year's results in any event). They are a claim on a very long-term stream of future cash flows that will actually be delivered to investors as dividends, or retained on their behalf as an increment to the book value of the company.
IMAGE Importantly, the ability of companies to increase book value over time has been a critical determinant of long-term earnings growth, and is likely to be even more important in an economy where debt financing is increasingly constrained.
Go read the whole thing if you've ever wondered why no one seems to care about dividends anymore. One shouldn't have to think too hard about why, over the last 20 years or so, Graham/Buffett style analysis of stocks has been usurped by more "contemporary" valuation techniques showing that stocks are not overvalued.

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Not just "rogue players on the margin"

Today's must read housing market news comes via this Washington Post report on the still rising delinquency rate for FHA insured mortgages, what Toll Brothers CEO Robert Toll dubbed a "train wreck" a few months back and what others refer to as "today's subprime".

The share of borrowers who are falling seriously behind on loans backed by the Federal Housing Administration jumped by more than a third in the past year, foreshadowing a crush of foreclosures that could further buffet an agency vital to the housing market's recovery.

About 9.1 percent of FHA borrowers had missed at least three payments as of December, up from 6.5 percent a year ago, the agency's figures show.

Although the FHA's default rate has been climbing for months and eating into the agency's cash, the latest figures show that the FHA's woes are getting worse even as the housing market shows signs of improvement. The problems are rooted in FHA mortgages made in 2007 and 2008. Those loans are now maturing into their worst years because failures most often occur two to three years after a mortgage is made.
Once again, this is a case where the historians are going to have a field day...

When private sector mortgage lending started to shut down back in 2007, in swept the government to "fill the void" only to find that, a few years down the road, they've failed to address any of the fundamental problems associated with the nation's housing market.

And, no, the fundamental problem is not that prices are falling.

It's that they went too high in the first place.

Of course, now that the Federal government runs nearly the entire mortgage market, look for more borrowed money to be generously applied to these latest symptoms.
If the trend continues and the FHA's cash reserves are exhausted, the federal government would automatically use taxpayer money to cover the losses -- a first for the agency, which has always used the fees it charges borrowers to pay for its losses.

As these loans from 2007 and 2008 go bad and clear off of the FHA's books, agency officials said, losses are expected to taper off, aided by the housing market's anticipated recovery and an influx of more creditworthy borrowers, who have flocked to the FHA's home-buying program in the past year.

Agency officials said they have cracked down on poorly performing lenders and announced higher qualifying fees for borrowers. On Monday, the agency projected that the fees should generate $5.8 billion in fiscal 2011, up from $2 billion this year. That would fatten the FHA's cash cushion, used to cover unexpected losses.

For now, just about every major measure of the agency's financial health is worsening.

The FHA does not make loans but insures lenders against losses. And claims have already spiked. The agency had to pay out on 47 percent more loans in October and November than in the corresponding period a year earlier, according to an FHA report.

The number of loans in foreclosure, including those that have not yet been billed to the agency, has also increased. They were up 26 percent in the last quarter from a year earlier.

FHA Commissioner David H. Stevens, who joined the agency in July, flagged his agency's troubles with the 2007 and 2008 loans in October, when he told a House panel that "rogue players on the margin" immediately migrated to the world of FHA lending after the subprime mortgage market collapsed.

Their aggressive lending tactics attracted borrowers with unusually poor credit profiles to the FHA. "That clearly impacted the books of business in 2007 and 2008, and that performance data is showing up very clearly in today's balance sheet," Stevens said at the time.
Towards the end of the story, former Freddie Mac official Ann Schnare noted that the audit included only those loans for which the FHA has already paid claims, not the mounting number of loans where the borrowers have missed payments and the mortgage is in one stage or another of default.

Things are probably going to get much worse for the FHA - at least as long as unemployment stays high and home prices don't rebound in a meanginful way.

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Phil? Phil Conners?

Phil Conners (Bill Murray) and Ned Ryerson (Stephen Tobolowsky) meet on consecutive mornings prior to the appearance of Punxsutawney Phil in the 1993 classic Groundhog Day.


The arrogant, egocentric, and frustrated weatherman from a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania TV station was assigned to the annual Groundhog Day festivities in Punxsutawney, only to find himself experiencing the same day, February 2nd, over and over.

His interaction with a high school classmate on consecutive days went like this:
-- Day 1 --
... (following the clip above)
Ned: I'll walk with you. Whenever I see an opportunity now, I charge it like a bull. Ned the Bull, that's me now. I have friends who live and die by the actuarial tables. It's all one big crap shoot. Have you ever heard of single premium life? I think that really could be the ticket for you.
[Phil turns to cross the street]
God! It is so good to see you! What are you doing for dinner?
Phil: Something else.
Ned: Watch out for that first step. It's a doozy!
[Phil steps into a pothole full of icy water]

-- Day 2 --
Ned: Phil? Phil Connors? Phil Connors, I thought that was you! Hey now, don't you tell me you don't remember me 'cause I sure as heckfire remember you.
Phil: Ned Ryerson?
Ned: Bing! First shot right out of the box! How's it going, old buddy?
Phil: Actually, I'm not feeling well. Would you excuse me?
Ned: It's funny you should mention your health. You will never guess what I do now.
Phil: Do you sell insurance?
Ned: Bing again! You are sharp as a tack today. Do you have life insurance? If you do, you could always use more. Right? Who couldn't? You know something? I got a feeling you ain't got any. Am I right or am I right?
Phil: I gotta go.
Ned: Watch out for that first step. It's a doozy.
[Phil avoids the pothole]

-- Day 3 --
Ned: Phil?
Phil: Ned.
[Phil punches Ned in the face]

-- Later that day --
Phil: I was in the Virgin Islands once. I met a girl. We ate lobster and drank pina coladas. At sunset we made love like sea otters. That was a pretty good day. Why couldn't I get that day over and over and over...
Back to the serious stuff shortly ... still trying to catch up after our trip to the mountains.

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Tuesday morning links

TOP STORIES
Curveball Alters Talks on Wall St. Reform - NY Times
Australia Central Bank Keeps Rates Steady, in Shock Move - CNBC
China Property Market ‘Bubble’ Set to Burst, Xie Says - Bloomberg
Obama Budget Seeks $1.9 Trillion Tax Rise on Richest, Business - Bloomberg
Obama's $3.8 trillion budget calls for jobs assistance, tax changes - Washington Post
Volcker Rule: Dead on Arrival? And is Obama a Lame Duck? - Naked Capitalism
Huge Deficits May Alter U.S. Politics and Global Power - NY Times
Social Security could be next to need a bailout - Washington Post
Wall of Junk Debt Maturities Looms, Moody’s Says - NY Times


Get these links delivered to your inbox every day.

MARKETS/INVESTING
Oil rises past $75 amid improved economic data - AP
Gold extends gains above $1,110 as dollar slips - Reuters
Dollar slightly lower versus euro as Greek worries ease - MarketWatch
Reported Earnings versus "Owner Earnings" - Hussman Funds
Gold timers eager to declare correction over - MarketWatch
Selling Stampede? - Saut, Raymond James

ECONOMY
A Scoop of Double-Dip - Barron's
Obama Administration Unemployment Forecast - Calculated Risk
Obama wants $30 billion in TARP for small business loans - Reuters
Consumer Spending in U.S. Increases for Third Month - Bloomberg
Factories Fueling Modest Economic Recovery - Time
The Jive Economy - Kunstler, CFN

INTERNATIONAL
Japan Post Bank urged to diversify holdings - FT
Germany May Buy Stolen Swiss Bank Account Data - Bloomberg
Australian central bank unexpectedly holds rate steady - MarketWatch
Royal Bank of Scotland to pay top talent 'cash bonuses’ - Telegraph
20 reasons Global Debt Time Bomb explodes soon - MarketWatch
China Regulator Said to Seek to Curb Third Mortgages - Bloomberg
Greek PM says country faces speculative attack - Reuters
Davos, the Contrary Indicator - Slate

REAL ESTATE
FHA default rate foreshadows a crush of foreclosures - Washington Post
The Next Leg Of The Housing Crisis In Five Simple Charts - Zero Hedge
Short sales soar while foreclosure sales slacken - Las Vegas Sun
Loan mods as shadow inventory? - O.C. Register

FED/TREASURY/BANKING
Tom Hoenig For Treasury - Baseline Scenario
Congressional threat to the Fed already affecting market - MarketWatch
Fed Says Fewer Banks Tightened Standards for Lending - Bloomberg
The Myth of the Fed’s Exit Strategy - Zero Hedge

INTERESTING
Cat predicts 50 deaths in RI nursing home - Telegraph
Without groundhogs, Alaska to celebrate Marmot Day - AP
How to Fall 35,000 Feet—And Survive - Popular Mechanics
Punxsutawney Phil: The Groundhog Behind the Myth - LiveScience

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Three Sins, One Gift - The Gift

Monday, February 01, 2010

This is the final installment in the series "Three Sins, One Gift" that first appeared here in early 2006 as Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan was about to retire and current Fed Chief Ben Bernanke began his first term - exactly four years ago today. This piece was It has always been my favorite in the series due to the "cultural transformation" aspects. It was originally published here on January 31st, 2006.

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The Gift - Hastening the Demise of Fiat Money

Throughout history monetary systems have come and gone, though few people have understood what money is or how it works.

Through the ages, most people have been content to labor at their chosen craft in exchange for seashells, pieces of eight, or slips of printed paper, with the expectation that sometime in the future, these items could be traded for other goods such as food, clothing, or shelter.

Money is, and always has been, a medium of exchange - a way for people to trade their labor, or the fruits of their labor, for other goods that they want or need.

To most people, it's as simple as that.

A Store of Value

But, money is also a store of value. This characteristic is important because individuals may opt to save some of the money they earn in order to use it some time in the future. Workers have an expectation that money earned today will have a similar value in the future - that it will purchase similar goods in similar quantities.

How well a particular form of money serves as a store of value is related to the supply of money - how fast the supply of money increases.

Money maintains its purchasing power best when it is limited in supply.

This is basic economics - supply and demand. If, over time, money is created at an ever-increasing rate, there will be much more of it in circulation. Significantly more money competing for roughly the same amount of goods causes prices to rise and the money loses value.

But, forms of money that are limited in supply are often times impractical as a medium of exchange. One solution to this problem has been to use paper money "backed" by some item that is limited in supply. In this case, money consists of two parts - one that is easily exchanged and one that stores value.

For much of history, paper money has represented precious metal. The paper money could be exchanged with others to facilitate trade, and it could be redeemed on demand for the precious metal that backed it.

Paper money could be created only to the extent that precious metal existed and the amount of paper money in circulation was effectively limited.

Severing the Link

Since 1971 when Nixon closed the "gold window", there has been no link between paper money (or its electronic equivalent) and anything that is limited in supply.

The world now operates under a pure fiat money system where paper money is "backed" by nothing other than faith in the government that issues it. That is, faith in the government, the central bank, and regulatory agencies to limit the amount of money being created, lest it lose that very important quality as a store of value.

Throughout history, no system of fiat money has endured the test of time. There have been numerous examples, most notably in 18th century France leading up to the French Revolution.

The reason? It is too easy to create fiat money.

Governments create money to solve problems - wars, natural disasters, poverty, re-election. When money can be created "out of thin air" there is seemingly no limit to how much money can be created or how many problems can be solved.

Governments like to solve problems.

The world's money handlers profit by creating money to lend to businesses and individuals. When money, in the form of credit, can be created "out of thin air", there is seemingly no limit to the prosperity that can be fostered or the money that can be made.

Money handlers like to make money.

No one has benefited more from today's fiat money system than governments and the financial industry. Governments have borrowed and spent to please their constituents, and the world's money handlers have grown wealthy as few can imagine.

Not a Panacea

But, over time, fiat money proves it is not the great panacea that people at first think it is. In the broad sweep of history, its effects, though initially welcomed and embraced as hope for a new era of prosperity, prove fleeting.

Ultimately, despite what the government and the money handlers tell them, people come to realize that their money is losing its value at a quickening pace. It is losing value because too much of it has been created.

The words of the government issuing the money begin to ring hollow and the riches of the money handlers become far too egregious.

This realization comes to different people in different ways.

The poor usually suffer first and most, as they experience difficulty making ends meet. Their money no longer purchases what it once did. The poor have little understanding of history's broad sweeps, what money is, or what money once was. They know little of storing value.

Those in the middle may have prospered by participating in the speculative games offered up by the money handlers. Throughout history, rising asset prices fueled by the extraordinary creation of money and credit have provided the opportunity for ordinary individuals to obtain great wealth and notoriety.

Eventually, they too come to realize that their money has lost value and the lifestyle to which they have become accustomed can no longer be supported.

But, as in nearly all eras, the money handlers prosper more than all others. Those at the top - the business elite, the bankers, the peddlers of influence - they reap the benefits that fiat money provides, most of them knowing well its dark secrets and sordid past.

At some point in time, with a populace accustomed to ever-increasing prosperity and hope, fiat money fails to deliver.

The seams begin to bulge and the system becomes increasingly strained as ever-increasing amounts of fiat money must be poured into the economy to maintain its momentum.

The public becomes disillusioned, realizing they have been duped into behaving in ways that their forefathers would ridicule. Their profligate ways - lifestyles which don't square with incomes - give way to the harsh, cold reality that there is no free lunch and there are no easy riches.

They realize the government has mismanaged the nation's affairs, that the money handlers have once again benefited handsomely, and then there is unrest.

One thing leads to another, and one more fiat money system comes to an end.

The Greenspan Era

As the most powerful central banker in the world for nearly two decades, Alan Greenspan has done more than any other individual to increase the supply of money and credit in a world full of fiat money.

He has done more than anyone else to perpetuate the belief that creating money "out of thin air" can solve problems and that enriching the money handlers can benefit society.

He is, today, regarded by some as the greatest central banker of all time. But, the history books for this era have not yet been written - time has not yet passed judgment on his deeds.

Through the ages, man's tools and devices have changed, but his basic desires and weaknesses have remained. He is easily misled to believe things that he wants to believe, and the same hard lessons are re-learned over and over as the memories of previous generations fade.

In recent years, Alan Greenspan has provided much for people to believe in and many reasons to forget the past.

Because fiat money twists and distorts, changing how needs and wants are perceived and satisfied, the common man's reasoning ability is easily overwhelmed by the illusion of prosperity.

Alan Greenspan has done much to alter perceptions and maintain illusions.

The Gift

Ultimately, all fiat money systems are doomed. After all, politicians and money handlers are human, and when provided access to easy money to solve problems or garner profits, they will use it in ever increasing amounts until crisis ensues.

The fiat money system that Alan Greenspan inherited from Paul Volcker in 1987 was, however, a strange anomaly. It held promise. Its life expectancy had been extended through a stern paternal instinct and the meting of "tough love" during a tumultuous transition after breaking free from its gold tether sixteen years prior.

After punishing interest rates and much anguish, the system had been righted.

It appeared that the fiat money of the late 1980s would endure for generations - such a good job had Mr. Volcker done in quelling animal spirits and lowering expectations.

But those who had studied history knew that this would be a cruel joke to play on Mankind. The world's strongest economy, about to vanquish the evil Red Menace and stand alone in the world, operating with paper money backed only by promises?

Had Alan Greenspan meted pain as his predecessor did, administered "tough love" instead of appeasement, things may have turned out differently.

But that was not his style.

Whether intentional or by happenstance, whether inspired by Ayn Rand and an Objectivist self interest, motivated by his early years as a gold bug, or driven by a simple desire to be popular, Alan Greenspan's actions have resulted in drawing nearer the end of another era of fiat money.

Alan Greenspan's gift to the world was to squash the hope that Paul Volcker's actions had augured - to bring nearer that eventuality that can not be avoided, and which should not be put off. For Man is Man - his tools have far outpaced his ability to reason and he is not suited for a world of pure fiat money.

No one knows what tomorrow will bring, but all signs indicate that the future of fiat money will not be one of enduring value. A generation of relative stability has begat instability.

Eventually, the current system of fiat money will give way to a new system, and this process has been by hastened by Alan Greenspan.

This was Alan Greenspan's gift.

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